The 4-Layer Self-Custody Test: A Framework for Evaluating Wallets

Most wallet comparisons miss the point. Use this 4-layer test — keys, signing, recovery, exposure — to honestly evaluate any wallet's self-custody claim.

The phrase 'self-custodial' is used loosely. A genuinely self-custodial wallet must satisfy four independent properties — and most wallets fail at least one of them. The 4-Layer Self-Custody Test is a framework for cutting through marketing claims and evaluating any wallet's actual control profile. Apply it consistently and the answer to 'is this product really self-custody?' becomes unambiguous.

Layer 1 — Key Custody

Layer 2 — Signing Authority

Layer 3 — Recovery Sovereignty

Layer 4 — Permission Exposure

How Steyble Scores

Steyble passes Layer 1 (keys generated and stored on the user's device, hardware-wallet-compatible), Layer 2 (local signing, optional account-abstraction co-signers under user control), Layer 3 (12-word seed plus optional social recovery the user configures), and Layer 4 (Permit2 bounded approvals and a built-in approval audit dashboard). Apply this test to any wallet you are considering — most marketing-heavy products fail Layer 3 or Layer 4 within minutes of investigation.